Originally Posted by Rollo
I really hate consumption taxes in principle, because the burden of the tax invariably falls on poorer people, who aren't able to command higher wages or save money in the first place.
Assume for me if you will that we have 4 people, all earning Ÿ30,000, Ÿ40,000, Ÿ60,000 & Ÿ100,000. What's a Ÿ? Well, in economic theory books, I is usually reserved for Interest so Y is the symbol for Income, or in this case Yncome.
If a weekly budget includes Ÿ250 in rent, Ÿ50 in petrol, Ÿ30 in electric bills, Ÿ10 in water bills, Ÿ10 in services rates and Ÿ100 in groceries then all up that would be Ÿ450/week or Ÿ23,400 a year. At a 10% Consumption Tax that works out to be Ÿ2340 in tax.
But we'd also have to assume that as people's income increases, then obviously they can spend more right? Well almost, but not quite. For as people's income does go up, although they might buy nicer things, their absolute capability of buying stuff stops at some point. No-one for instance can fill their car with petrol anymore than full (of course they can obviously buy a bigger car with a bigger fuel tank etc etc etc). No-one can buy more groceries than they can fit in their house.
So instead of Ÿ23,400 being spent for each of our four consumers, they might in fact be only able to spend Ÿ23,400, Ÿ24,440, Ÿ24,960, Ÿ26,000 and therefore pay Ÿ2340, Ÿ2440, Ÿ2496 and Ÿ2600 in GST respectively. Or if you will...
Ÿ30,000 = tax Ÿ2340 = 7.8%
Ÿ40,000 = tax Ÿ2440 = 6.1%
Ÿ60,000 = tax Ÿ2496 = 4.1%
Ÿ100,000 = tax Ÿ2600 = 2.6%
Obviously I'm making assumptions all over the place here but as an illustration it works well enough.
The question is "Is this equitable?" "Is it fair?". Quite frankly, I don't think that it is. Especially considering that in the majority of cases, people's wages are not determined by them; in fact the poorer a person is, the less power that they have to determine their wage. The inverse of this is also true, in that if you give poorer people extra cash in the form of a stimulus payment, the more likely they are to spend it, simply because they need to survive (hence the reason why poor people around the world got given StimPak, Rudd Cash etc)
In essence, to increase a consumption tax from 10% to 25% as possibly suggested means that the tax becomes more regressive and therefore falls even harder on poor people:
@10% Consumption Tax
Ÿ30,000 = tax Ÿ2340 = 7.8%
Ÿ40,000 = tax Ÿ2440 = 6.1%
Ÿ60,000 = tax Ÿ2496 = 4.1%
Ÿ100,000 = tax Ÿ2600 = 2.6%
@25% Consumption Tax
Ÿ30,000 = tax Ÿ5850 = 19.5%
Ÿ40,000 = tax Ÿ6100 = 15.25%
Ÿ60,000 = tax Ÿ6240 = 10.4%
Ÿ100,000 = tax Ÿ6500 = 6.5%
The burden is still three times harder on poor people than on the rich at a rate of 25% than at 10% but what this doesn't tell you is that the total amount of money that they have at the end of the year is even tighter than it was before. It decreases from Ÿ4260 to only Ÿ750, and the poorer you are the more hurtful that is.
A Consumption Tax also taxes people in retirement who have been diligent in saving their money their whole life. Such people in a lot of cases aren't saving anymore but dissaving and therefore the actual effective taxation rate could be infinite because they're still paying tax despite not having an income.